Story von Elisabetta
Stories Story von Stephanie Meichsner-Eschborn Finding a Voice: How Education Shapes Democratic Participation Finding a Voice: How Education Shapes Democratic Participation A personal perspective from Elisabetta Stievano on how education, teachers, and social environments shape political awareness and democratic engagement, and on the role of critical thinking and media literacy in understanding and participating in today’s society. I started thinking more deeply about the world around me and how my civic behaviour could influence it when I was in high school. Especially from the third year on, I began to realize that I was part of a political body, and I felt the desire — which had always been within me — to help build a fairer society. I’m especially grateful to my high school history and philosophy teacher. She was an excellent educator, and she used to talk about the philosophers of Ancient Greece and the concept of democracy — a word formed from demos and kratos, whose etymological meaning is power of the citizens. She connected philosophical theories and historical events to the present. By doing so, she helped us develop critical thinking and become aware of the society we lived in and its political dimension. We were political agents, and the classroom was a microcosm of the world outside. As my political awareness grew, I began joining student groups that addressed a wide range of issues. During our gatherings, we had engaging discussions about how we could contribute to change. Later on, I continued to take part in assemblies and strikes, which I see as important forms of democracy. I believe it is essential to fight the nihilism that oppresses our society through such participatory initiatives. Concerning this, social media are certainly valuable tools for staying informed about global events. However, these platforms also risk fostering a sense of detachment from reality, turning us into passive spectators. I firmly believe that the health of democracy can be measured by the quality of its educational system. Plato, for example, spoke about the risks of the democratic system in The Republic (375 B.C.). According to him, tyranny could arise from the degeneration of democracy itself. The Greek historian Thucydides, in The Peloponnesian War (5th century B.C.), pointed out that Pericles was effectively a tyrant, even though he had been formally elected. He was a demagogue who could manipulate the citizens of the agorà. The politicians elected in Athens were sophists — experts in rhetoric, who knew how to stir emotions in public speaking and win the audience’s consent. Today, we are facing similar challenges. In many Western democracies, elected leaders appeal to people’s gut feelings, and as a result, the far right has gained power in many places. Educational institutions play a crucial role in our societies because, as happened to me, they can truly open students’ minds, encourage them to question things, dig deeper, and avoid being deceived by modern-day sophists.[1] These new sophists have found a modern agorà in social media, where they craft speeches designed to captivate as many people as possible. Often, they act like reality-show stars, prioritizing performance and attention over substance or truth. From my perspective, social media platforms like Instagram have played a crucial role in raising my political awareness, not only from a local perspective but also from a global one. Indeed, many activists use these platforms to talk about crucial matters, but it is necessary to develop a certain level of digital literacy in order to understand whether the information we find there is reliable or, on the contrary, fake news. This ability always stems from one’s educational background. In my experience, for example, Instagram has been very useful for staying informed about news and political changes. In this sense, I think it can help people develop a broader perspective. On the other hand, it can also overwhelm those who lack a proper cultural or educational background. For this reason, there should be an action to reduce the spread of fake news. At the same time, it is important to ensure freedom of political expression so that activists can speak out about important global issues—especially those that are not covered by newspapers or mainstream media. For instance, we can think of the conflict in Sudan, which is barely mentioned. As I have already mentioned, schools and families play a crucial role in shaping political engagement. Yet, not everyone is fortunate enough to grow up in an environment where dialogue and discussions about civic life are encouraged. This is why investing in the educational system—the very foundation of democracy—is so essential. To better understand the crucial role that schools play in developing critical thinking, we should talk about Cesare Moreno — a teacher who envisions a different kind of school, one that supports individual growth through the creation of a shared social space for learning and dialogue. He founded Maestri di Strada, an organization that has rethought the concept of education and operates in the neighbourhoods of Naples. From his perspective, school serves a political purpose — political in the sense of polis, meaning of the city. According to Moreno, schools today tend to be isolated spaces. As Christian Raimo also pointed out in “L’alfabeto della scuola democratica”, they are undergoing a process of desocialization, where individual needs are prioritized over those of the community. As a result, the agorà — once a gathering place — now stands empty. Moreno strongly believes in an educational reform that takes into account students’ emotional worlds and their social lives, as tools for social advancement. When asked in an interview how he became a teacher, Moreno replied: „I started out as a teacher, but I came to it late — at 38. Before that, I lived on the streets, I was an extremist, I was part of Lotta Continua, and that’s where I learned the fundamental things. I understood how society works, how the bourgeoisie operates, how the university functions. I understood how school works, and when I entered it, I already had
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